The map of the island is shown in the top left. Click on a square to view that sector. You can also move armies by right clicking on a square with one of your armies, and then left clicking on the destination square not available on touchscreen platforms. When there are more than two players including you , you can try forming an alliance by clicking on their player shield sometimes you may be asked to join an alliance, too.

There must always be at least two opposing sides so an alliance with three players is only possible when there are four sides; if a player is wiped out, this may cause an alliance to break up. To the left, below the map, is the main control panel which is displayed when viewing one of your sectors. The following icons are available. Many of these icons take you to a sub-menu when you click - to return to the main menu, click the icon that appears at the top of the sub-menu just below the island map :. Once you have deployed your army see above , you can move them to another sector by right clicking on the main sector view not on a building for touchscreen platforms, just tap normally the mouse icon will change to a shield - for touchscreen platforms, a shield will appear in the top right corner , then click on the square on the map view in the top left, where you want the army to move to.

You can also move armies using only the map, by right clicking on a square to select an army in that square non-touchscreen platforms only. To return an army to a tower in one of your sectors, first move the army to that sector if not there already. Then select the army by right clicking on the main sector view or normal tap for touchscreen platforms , then left click on your tower the main building with four turrets.

In later ages, you will find maps that have squares not connected i. The offensive weapon corresponding to AD is a nuclear missile, which can be used to destroy any sector completely! This is deployed like a normal army, but such an army can only contain 1 nuclear missile, and nothing else. The defensive weapon corresponding to AD is a nuclear defence. Please select a castle to sign up. Laying siege was to attack and ultimately penetrate a castle. If it could not be penetrated, attacking forces would surround the castle and control the target until it surrendered or starved. Siege warfare was used by Europeans from the Arabs during the Crusades.

Most often, battles were fought during the summer months when weather was typically better. Buttresses are the extra thick part of the outer walls that assist in strengthening the structure. Towers and keeps were tall and square and enabled long distance surveillance. Originally the corners were square, but later designs were rounded or cylindrical. Squared corners were more vulnerable to damage by projectiles like boulders from catapults.

Narrow slit windows were slim on the inside, but flared wider on the outside.

This made it difficult for the enemy to hit the defenders, but enabled those inside with a wider range of motion for attacking the enemy. Skip to content Home Uncategorized Medieval castle defense nokia The mobile phone has Symbian operating method 9. Medieval fortification! Stone was stronger and of course much more expensive than wood. Most stone had to be quarried miles away, and then brought to the building site. But with the invention of the cannon and gunpowder, castles soon lost their power.

Costs for the walls depended on the material used.

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Wood would cost very little and was quick to build, but was weak. Stone was strong but very expensive and time-consuming to construct. The height of walls varied widely by castle, but were often 2. They were usually topped with crenellation or parapets that offered protection to defenders.

Castle Defense

Some also featured machicolations from the French machicoulis , approximately "neck-crusher" which consisted of openings between a wall and a parapet, formed by corbelling out the latter, allowing defenders to throw stones, boiling water, and so forth, upon assailants below. Some castles featured additional inner walls, as additional fortifications from which to mount a defense if outer walls were breached.

Any entrance through a wall, being an opening, forms an obvious weak point. To be practical, the entryway would have to accommodate supplies being brought through, yet difficult for attackers to breach. For example, passage over ditches or moats would have to be withdrawn to deny attackers. The use of multiple walls or ditches around an entrance would also make it difficult for defenders to use the entrance practically, necessitating better methods of control. Gates came in many forms, from the simple stone buttress and timber blocks, [2] to the massive and imposing stone archways and thick wooden doors most associated with medieval citadels.

A killing field was an area between the main wall and a secondary wall, so when the first wall was breached the attackers would run into the killing field to be confronted by another wall from which soldiers bombarded them. Soldiers would be positioned atop the second wall and armed with any variety of weapons, ranging from bows to crossbows to simple rocks.

A moat was a common addition to medieval fortifications, and the principal purpose was to simply increase the effective height of the walls and to prevent digging under the walls. In many instances, natural water paths were used as moats, and often extended through ditches to surround as much of the fortification as possible.

Provided this was not so unnaturally contrived as to allow an attacker to drain the system, it served two defensive purposes. It made approaching the curtain wall of the castle more difficult and the undermining of the wall virtually impossible. To position a castle on a small island was very favorable from a defensive point of view, although it made deliveries of supplies and building materials more cumbersome and expensive. A keep is a strong central tower which normally forms the heart of a castle. Often the keep is the most defended area of a castle, and as such may form the main habitation area for a noble or lord, or contain important stores such as the armoury or the main well.

Stairs were also constructed to contain trick or stumble steps. These were steps that had different rise height or tread depth from the rest and would cause anyone running up the stairs to stumble or fall, so slowing down the attackers' progress. A typical exterior wooden door might be made out of two layers of oak planks. The grain of the wood would run vertically on the front layer and horizontally on the back, like a simple form of plywood.

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The two layers would be held together by iron studs, and the structure might be strengthened and stiffened with iron bands. The studs themselves were pointed on the front so that attackers would damage their weapons swords , axes , etc. From the midth century onwards, the power of cannons grew and medieval walls became obsolete as they were too thin to offer any realistic protection against prolonged bombardment. In many cases, the medieval walls were dismantled and their stonework, which was still valuable as construction material, was reused in the construction of the new fortifications.

The transition between medieval and early modern fortification can be seen in the fortifications of Rhodes in Greece and the fortifications of Famagusta in Cyprus. Just as modern military engineers enhance field fortifications with obstacles such as barbed wire , medieval engineers used a number of obstacle types including abatis , caltrops , cheval de frise , and trou de loup. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Towers and keeps were tall and square and enabled long distance surveillance. Originally the corners were square, but later designs were rounded or cylindrical.

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Squared corners were more vulnerable to damage by projectiles like boulders from catapults. Narrow slit windows were slim on the inside, but flared wider on the outside. This made it difficult for the enemy to hit the defenders, but enabled those inside with a wider range of motion for attacking the enemy. The fore building was the gateway into the castle.

It was usually positioned forward from the castle, on higher ground or up stairs from ground level making it more difficult to gain entry. Gateways were protected with a massive iron gate, a heavy wooden door or both. Murder Holes: were windows or special holes in walls or gates that were used by defenders inside the castle to pour sewage, hot water, oil or burning tar on those below.

Use the following downloadable lesson plans and worksheets to guide your classroom through a medieval journey before or after your visit to the castle! Join Our Birthday Club!