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A live deep-sea fish has been caught at a record depth of 2,m on the hot vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Three shrimp species were also pulled to the surface, researchers report in the journal Deep-Sea Research. Scientists have engineered a new device that allows recovery of live animals under their natural pressure at greater depths than previously achieved. Next they hope to be able to transfer the animals into an experimental lab to study their normal biology.

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This is also the first time pressurised capture has occurred at a hydrothermal vent," said Dr Bruce Shillito, marine biologist at the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. The shrimp species were caught at 1,m 5,ft; Mirocaris fortunata and Chorocaris chacei and 2,m 7,ft; Rimicaris exoculata at two vent fields, Lucky Strike and Rainbow, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Scientists watch the deep-sea fish inside the Periscop onboard ship Dr Shillito explains: "At depths of over 1,m, it is difficult to recover animals alive. Catching with no pressure is as good as catching dead. Fish are the most fragile - even a fisherman with a m line will probably reel in a catch whose gas bladder is in its mouth. At the surface, under pressure, the fish was active and remained upright, however upon release of pressure its movement became uncoordinated and within a few minutes it was totally motionless. A similar effect, caused by decompression, was also observed in the shrimp species.

At the surface, under pressure, most shrimps were in an upright position and swimming actively and continuously.

When a separate shrimp sample was caught and pulled to the surface without pressure, the animals jerked violently, and after a few hours were dead. The samples were examined onboard the ship "Pourquoi Pas?

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Please turn on JavaScript. Media requires JavaScript to play. The next step for Dr Shillito's team is to be able to transfer its catch from the sampling device into a better equipped experimental tank, without decompression, allowing the scientists to observe the animals' normal behaviour and responses to different environments. Dr Shillito says: "We urgently need to find out more about the place we are destroying. It has three compartments which perform different tasks - capture at depth, recovery of the deep-sea species under natural pressure, and transfer to the lab with no decompression.

The plastic capture box is attached to a submersible arm which allows movement and suction for sampling. The animal is then transferred into a pressurised box. This is kept at the same pressure as the sampling depth during ascent by a pressure compensator. We hope this method of pressurised recovery will become standard," Dr Shillito said. As well as pressure shock, when animals are pulled to the surface they suffer from changes in temperature.

He adds: "Heating is difficult to prevent without getting out the heavy gear - using active cooling systems, requiring energy and computer controls - but at least we know that every sample has had the same temperature history; they have the same background story.

People are currently: moving smallmouth bass to new waters. People often spread unwanted species by: releasing a ship's ballast water that contains exotic organisms.

A new species can disrupt the natural ecosystem and impact native fish. It may introduce diseases and parasites that affect wild fish populations. Introduced species may compete with and prey on salmon and trout. Do not stock or move fish. Do not release or put fish, plants or other animals into a body of water unless they came out of that body of water. Be aware of bait regulations. It is illegal to use live fish as bait in most New Brunswick waters.

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Where use of live bait is legal, use bait from the body of water you are fishing. Make font smaller Make font normal Make font bigger.

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