Read on to learn how to avoid common mobile strategy mistakes in today's fast paced world of mobile apps. When adding a new mobile application, enterprise architects should ask first if the organization should build its own or buy one from a third-party developer.

Expert advice on extending Web apps with mobile Web applications

Outsourcing a mobile application can have great cost savings for simple applications such as marketing or promotional games. It has the advantage of taking the mobile app project off the team's to-do list quickly and easily. On the other hand, this approach may not be a great fit for applications that need to access corporate data or other resources behind the firewall. The next major question for a mobile application is what platform to deploy to , and the decision depends on several factors. An extensive BYOD policy may require developers to support several platforms, while organizations that provide approved mobile devices to their employees may be able to cut it down to a single platform.

In addition to deciding on a development platform, mobile application development teams must decide whether to use a native approach , a Web-based approach or a hybrid mobile approach that incorporates the two. Native applications often have performance advantages over Web-based options, while Web-based options are usually easier to update and maintain, especially across platforms.

Most mobile developers eventually settle on a hybrid approach that gives them the right balance for their particular mobile application. Enterprise mobile application development doesn't require a completely separate skillset from what Web application developers already know.

However, there are some new skills for mobile developers, as well as a host of updated best practices, some new concepts to focus on, new aspects of application development team management and mobile ALM. One of the most important differences between developing mobile apps and developing traditional Web applications is the focus on user experience.

End users interact very differently with their phones and mobile devices than they do with laptops and PCs. A mobile application should be streamlined to handle a single task quickly and efficiently. When porting existing enterprise applications to a mobile platform , it is usually better to pare away extraneous features that don't serve the mobile apps immediate purpose. Mobile application development also requires a bit more diversification than enterprise application developers may be used to. Mobile application development strategies frequently include two or more mobile platforms.

It is important that each platform version of a mobile app is specifically customized to that particular platform. But completely separate teams for each version lead to costly and unnecessary duplications of effort. Teams may benefit from a model like the Y-shaped methodology that allows separate platform teams to share as much as possible. In addition, many mobile application developers use some aspects of native client development and some of Web-based HTML 5 development. While it can be difficult to find individual developers with both native mobile skills and HTML 5 skills, bridging the hybrid development skills gap is very important.

In many ways, mobile applications and cloud computing are made for each other. Mobile applications typically have a large load of server-side data access and computing needs that stem from a constantly changing number of users. The draw from mobile applications has the potential to skyrocket beyond developers' wildest estimates, then suddenly cut back to a trickle and possibly bounce back up as high or higher.

The elasticity and on-demand nature of cloud resources makes the public cloud attractive to mobile developers. Using a cloud infrastructure for mobile apps helps some companies put out mobile applications quickly without putting up too much in terms of upfront investment. Some cloud providers even run Backend-as-a-Service BaaS products that deliver a customizable backend for mobile application front ends.

Many application developers are finding application lifecycle management ALM is more complex in the world of enterprise mobile applications than it was over the wired Web. Mobile ALM is more difficult because developers have to keep up with faster development cycles. Mobile devices present complications around important steps of the lifecycle such as requirements gathering and application testing. Some experts say that Agile development methods are well-suited to the particular challenges of mobile ALM. Because mobile application development lifecycles are so short, it can be difficult to give every aspect of the mobile application the attention it needs.

Mobile app developers have to deliver working applications quickly, and may overlook important flaws in the mobile application's security. Enterprise developers must never underestimate the need to secure corporate data in mobile applications. It's important for developers to be aware of the top mobile security threats and how to secure mobile apps against them. Many organizations either don't recognize the importance of mobile application testing or else lack the knowledge to effectively test these new applications. Click Import. As Figure displays, the Connect to Database dialog appears.

As Table describes, enter the following information in the corresponding fields. As Figure displays, the Tables dialog appears and displays a list of available tables. Select the SQL statement and click Edit. As Figure displays, the Edit Snapshots panel appears. Change the weight to 1.

How to make a Cross-Platform Mobile App in Java

This parameter controls the order in which snapshots are refreshed on the client. Change the Owner to master. The Packaging Wizard seeks your confirmation to change the owner for all the templates. Select the Create on client box. The Sequences panel defines sequences that Web-to-Go creates for your client's applications in offline mode. Later on, you will create the actual sequences in the Oracle database. Click the Sequences tab. The Sequences panel appears as displayed in Figure Using the Sequences tab, you can list database sequences for Web-to-Go applications.

These sequences must exist in the database prior to performing this step. As Figure displays, the Sequences dialog appears displaying a list of available sequences. Click Add and click Close. The Application Definition Completed panel appears, as displayed in Figure The Packaging Wizard places the specified files in the following directory.

The Application Definition Completed Dialog remains open for you to initiate application packaging.

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Ensure that you select the Generate SQL scripts for database objects box. At this stage, the Save the Application dialog prompts you for the name of the jar file, as Figure displays. The default location is given below. After choosing the JAR file, the jar file is created and contains the application files and definition. You have now completed all development tasks that are required for packaging your application. Your application is packaged. After packaging your application, you are ready to publish it.

The following sections describe the steps for publishing the application. In this step, you will create the database user who will own the To Do List application objects in the Oracle database. If you have installed the samples during your Mobile Server installation, you can skip this step and continue with the next step. If you have not installed the samples, enter the following commands using the Command Prompt.

To start the Mobile Server for the first time and subsequent occasions, enter the following command. As Figure displays, the Mobile Manager link appears in the workspace. To launch the Mobile Manager, click the Mobile Manager link in the workspace. As Figure displays, the Mobile Server Farms page appears. Click your Mobile Server link. As Figure displays, the corresponding Mobile Server home page appears. Click the Applications link. As Figure displays, the Applications page appears. Click Publish Application. As Figure displays, the Publish Application page appears.

Using the Browse button, locate the jar file which you created in Section Package the Application".

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The default location of the jar file is given below. This section describes how to administer the application that you created and deployed. In this step, you will start the Mobile Manager.

This web based application enables you to easily administer Mobile Server applications. Log in as the Mobile Server administrator using administrator as the User Name and admin as the Password. The Mobile Server farms page appears. Your Mobile Server home page appears. On the Mobile Manager home page, click the Users link. As Figure displays, the Users page appears. Click Add User. As Figure displays, the Add User page appears. As described in Table , enter the following information in the Add User page and click Save.

On Mobile Manager home page, click the Applications link. The Applications page appears. To search for the application that you just published, enter To Do List in the Application Name field and click Search. The To Do List application appears in the workspace. Click the To Do List application link. As Figure displays, the Application Properties page lists application properties and database connectivity details. In the Database Password field type master. This is the default password for the Web-to-Go demo schema.

Click Apply. The Mobile Manager displays a confirmation message. Navigate to the Application Properties page and click the Access link. As Figure displays, the Access page lists groups and users that are associated with the application. The check boxes on this page indicate whether or not the user or group has access to the application. Click Save. Each Mobile Client for Web-to-Go downloads the same application data when it synchronizes.

In some cases, you may want to specify the data your application downloads for each user.

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You can accomplish this by modifying the user's snapshot template variable. Navigate to the Applications page and click the ToDoList application link. The Application Properties page appears. Click the Data Subsetting link. As Figure displays, the Data Subsetting page appears. As Figure displays, the Data Subsetting Parameters page appears. This section describes how to use the application that you created and tested in the Development section, deployed in the Deployment section, and then administered in the Administration section. As Figure displays, the Mobile Client Setup page lists a set of mobile clients by platform.

If you are using Netscape, choose a location to save the setup program and click OK. In Windows Explorer, double-click setup. While installing the Mobile Client, you will be prompted for the user name and password. Enter administrator as the User Name and admin as the password. The setup program prompts you to choose an installation directory such as D: After completing the installation, the Mobile Manager login page appears as Figure displays. As Figure displays, the Application tab contains the same information that you entered in Section As Table describes, verify that the specified values in the following fields are correct.

Click the Files tab. The Packaging Wizard automatically includes all files to the application. The Roles tab enables the developer to define roles for the Web-to-Go application. In general, the developer must build application roles into the Web-to-Go application, because they do not occur automatically. For more information on how to build application roles, see Chapter 4, "Developing Mobile Web Applications" , Section 4.

In this step, you will deploy the To Do List application's database schema objects using the Packaging Wizard. The Snapshots tab defines database tables for which you will create snapshots. Using the Packaging Wizard, you can import the table definitions from the development database. These definitions can then be used to define the snapshots for the mobile application. In the Snapshots tab, import the table definition from the development database by performing the following steps.

Click Import. As Figure displays, the Connect to Database dialog appears. As Table describes, enter the following information in the corresponding fields. As Figure displays, the Tables dialog appears and displays a list of available tables. Select the SQL statement and click Edit.

As Figure displays, the Edit Snapshots panel appears. Change the weight to 1. This parameter controls the order in which snapshots are refreshed on the client. Change the Owner to master. The Packaging Wizard seeks your confirmation to change the owner for all the templates. Select the Create on client box. The Sequences panel defines sequences that Web-to-Go creates for your client's applications in offline mode.

Later on, you will create the actual sequences in the Oracle database. Click the Sequences tab. The Sequences panel appears as displayed in Figure Using the Sequences tab, you can list database sequences for Web-to-Go applications. These sequences must exist in the database prior to performing this step.

As Figure displays, the Sequences dialog appears displaying a list of available sequences. Click Add and click Close. The Application Definition Completed panel appears, as displayed in Figure The Packaging Wizard places the specified files in the following directory. The Application Definition Completed Dialog remains open for you to initiate application packaging. Ensure that you select the Generate SQL scripts for database objects box. At this stage, the Save the Application dialog prompts you for the name of the jar file, as Figure displays.

The default location is given below. After choosing the JAR file, the jar file is created and contains the application files and definition. You have now completed all development tasks that are required for packaging your application. Your application is packaged. After packaging your application, you are ready to publish it. The following sections describe the steps for publishing the application. In this step, you will create the database user who will own the To Do List application objects in the Oracle database. If you have installed the samples during your Mobile Server installation, you can skip this step and continue with the next step.

If you have not installed the samples, enter the following commands using the Command Prompt. To start the Mobile Server for the first time and subsequent occasions, enter the following command. As Figure displays, the Mobile Manager link appears in the workspace. To launch the Mobile Manager, click the Mobile Manager link in the workspace.

As Figure displays, the Mobile Server Farms page appears. Click your Mobile Server link. As Figure displays, the corresponding Mobile Server home page appears. Click the Applications link. As Figure displays, the Applications page appears. Click Publish Application. As Figure displays, the Publish Application page appears. Using the Browse button, locate the jar file which you created in Section Package the Application". The default location of the jar file is given below. This section describes how to administer the application that you created and deployed. In this step, you will start the Mobile Manager.

This web based application enables you to easily administer Mobile Server applications. Log in as the Mobile Server administrator using administrator as the User Name and admin as the Password. The Mobile Server farms page appears. Your Mobile Server home page appears. On the Mobile Manager home page, click the Users link. As Figure displays, the Users page appears. Click Add User.

As Figure displays, the Add User page appears.

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As described in Table , enter the following information in the Add User page and click Save. On Mobile Manager home page, click the Applications link. The Applications page appears. To search for the application that you just published, enter To Do List in the Application Name field and click Search.

The To Do List application appears in the workspace. Click the To Do List application link. As Figure displays, the Application Properties page lists application properties and database connectivity details. In the Database Password field type master. This is the default password for the Web-to-Go demo schema. Click Apply. The Mobile Manager displays a confirmation message. Navigate to the Application Properties page and click the Access link.

As Figure displays, the Access page lists groups and users that are associated with the application. The check boxes on this page indicate whether or not the user or group has access to the application. Click Save. Each Mobile Client for Web-to-Go downloads the same application data when it synchronizes. In some cases, you may want to specify the data your application downloads for each user. You can accomplish this by modifying the user's snapshot template variable.

Navigate to the Applications page and click the ToDoList application link.