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Together, communication content and form make messages that are sent towards a destination. The target can be oneself, another person or being, another entity such as a corporation or group of beings. Communication can be seen as processes of information transmission governed by three levels of semiotic rules:. Therefore, communication is social interaction where at least two interacting agents share a common set of signs and a common set of semiotic rules.

This commonly held rule in some sense ignores autocommunication , including intrapersonal communication via diaries or self-talk, both secondary phenomena that followed the primary acquisition of communicative competences within social interactions. In light of these weaknesses, Barnlund proposed a transactional model of communication. In a slightly more complex form, a sender and a receiver are linked reciprocally.

This second attitude of communication, referred to as the constitutive model or constructionist view, focuses on how an individual communicates as the determining factor of the way the message will be interpreted. Communication is viewed as a conduit; a passage in which information travels from one individual to another and this information becomes separate from the communication itself. A particular instance of communication is called a speech act. The sender's personal filters and the receiver's personal filters may vary depending upon different regional traditions, cultures, or gender; which may alter the intended meaning of message contents.

In the presence of " noise " on the transmission channel air, in this case , reception and decoding of content may be faulty, and thus the speech act may not achieve the desired effect. One problem with this encode-transmit-receive-decode model is that the processes of encoding and decoding imply that the sender and receiver each possess something that functions as a [code-book], and that these two code books are, at the very least, similar if not identical.

Although something like code books is implied by the model, they are nowhere represented in the model, which creates many conceptual difficulties. Theories of co-regulation describe communication as a creative and dynamic continuous process, rather than a discrete exchange of information. Canadian media scholar Harold Innis had the theory that people use different types of media to communicate and which one they choose to use will offer different possibilities for the shape and durability of society.

Papyrus is what he called ' Space Binding'.

What Is Linear Communication?

The other is stone and ' Time Binding' , through the construction of temples and the pyramids can sustain their authority generation to generation, through this media they can change and shape communication in their society. There is an additional working definition of communication to consider [ example needed ] that authors like Richard A. Lanham and as far back as Erving Goffman have highlighted. This is a progression from Lasswell's attempt to define human communication through to this century and revolutionized into the constructionist model. Constructionists believe that the process of communication is in itself the only messages that exist.

The packaging can not be separated from the social and historical context from which it arose, therefore the substance to look at in communication theory is style for Richard Lanham and the performance of self for Erving Goffman. Lanham chose to view communication as the rival to the over encompassing use of CBS model which pursued to further the transmission model.

CBS model argues that clarity, brevity, and sincerity are the only purpose to prose discourse, therefore communication. Lanham wrote: "If words matter too, if the whole range of human motive is seen as animating prose discourse, then rhetoric analysis leads us to the essential questions about prose style" Lanham This is saying that rhetoric and style are fundamentally important; they are not errors to what we actually intend to transmit.

The process which we construct and deconstruct meaning deserves analysis. Erving Goffman sees the performance of self as the most important frame to understand communication. Goffman wrote: "What does seem to be required of the individual is that he learn enough pieces of expression to be able to 'fill in' and manage, more or less, any part that he is likely to be given" Goffman 73 , highlighting the significance of expression.

The truth in both cases is the articulation of the message and the package as one. The construction of the message from social and historical context is the seed as is the pre-existing message is for the transmission model.

Quantum Telephones to Other Universes, to Times Past

Therefore, any look into communication theory should include the possibilities drafted by such great scholars as Richard A. Lanham and Goffman that style and performance is the whole process. Communication stands so deeply rooted in human behaviors and the structures of society that scholars have difficulty thinking of it while excluding social or behavioral events. Humans act toward people or things on the basis of the meanings they assign to those people or things.

As human beings, we have the ability to name things. Symbols, including names, are arbitrary signs. This is a one-way model to communicate with others.

It consists of the sender encoding a message and channeling it to the receiver in the presence of noise. In this model there is no feedback or response which may allow for a continuous exchange of information F. Palma, In the linear communication model, the message travels one direction from the start point to the endpoint.

Telephone is an example of nonlinear communication

In other words, once the sender sends the message to the receiver the communication process ends. Many communications online use the linear communication model. For example, when you send an email, post a blog, or share something on social media.

It can be short and casual, or it can be longer and more formal. The format typically varies based on the relationship of the people talking on the phone. A linear model of communication envisages a oneway process in which one party is the sender, encoding and transmitting the message, and another party is the recipient, receiving and decoding the information. All mental linear skills can be emulated by the nonlinear mind by people who know how to reprogram their subconscious. Nonlinear communication, which was marked as Best Project in imidzhelogicheskoy science at an international competition Image directory The examples in the book are radio and television broadcasting.

Techniques for lowering the data rate further are based on compressing the data stream by removing the inherent redundancies in speech signals.

1. Telephone is an example of nonlinear communication;
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Data compression is the topic of Chapter One of the most efficient ways of compressing an audio signal is Linear Predictive Coding LPC , of which there are several variations and subgroups. We will revisit LPC later in this chapter with speech synthesis. Smith, Ph. Smith Blog Contact. Book Search. Download this chapter in PDF format Chapter Digital Filters Match 2: Windowed-Sinc vs. Chebyshev Match 3: Moving Average vs.