Many incorporate a retractable lens assembly that provides optical zoom. In most models, an auto actuating lens cover protects the lens from elements. Most ruggedized or water-resistant models do not retract, and most with superzoom capability do not retract fully. Compact cameras are usually designed to be easy to use. Almost all include an automatic mode, or "auto mode", which automatically makes all camera settings for the user. Some also have manual controls.

Compact digital cameras typically contain a small sensor which trades-off picture quality for compactness and simplicity; images can usually only be stored using lossy compression JPEG. Most have a built-in flash usually of low power, sufficient for nearby subjects.

A few high end compact digital cameras have a hotshoe for connecting to an external flash.

Guiding Tech

Live preview is almost always used to frame the photo on an integrated LCD. In addition to being able to take still photographs almost all compact cameras have the ability to record video.

Compacts often have macro capability and zoom lenses , but the zoom range up to 30x is generally enough for candid photography but less than is available on bridge cameras more than 60x , or the interchangeable lenses of DSLR cameras available at a much higher cost. Some compact digital cameras use a hybrid autofocus system similar to what is commonly available on DSLRs.

Typically, compact digital cameras incorporate a nearly silent leaf shutter into the lens but play a simulated camera sound [20] for skeuomorphic purposes. This gives them weaker low-light performance, greater depth of field , generally closer focusing ability, and smaller components than cameras using larger sensors. A variety of additional features are available depending on the model of the camera. Such features include GPS , compass, barometers and altimeters. Starting in , some compact digital cameras can take 3D still photos. These 3D compact stereo cameras can capture 3D panoramic photos with dual lens or even single lens for play back on a 3D TV.

In , Sony released two add-on camera models without display, to be used with a smartphone or tablet, controlled by a mobile application via WiFi. Rugged compact cameras typically include protection against submersion, hot and cold conditions, shock and pressure. Terms used to describe such properties include waterproof, freezeproof, heatproof, shockproof and crushproof, respectively.

Nearly all major camera manufacturers have at least one product in this category. Ruggeds often lack some of the features of ordinary compact camera, but they have video capability and the majority can record sound. Most have image stabilization and built-in flash. GoPro and other brands offer action cameras which are rugged, small and can be easily attached to helmet , arm, bicycle, etc.

Most have wide angle and fixed focus, and can take still pictures and video, typically with sound. The rising popularity of action cameras is in line with many people desiring to share photos or videos in social media.

Many competitive manufacturers of action cameras results in many options and lowered, competitive prices, and nowadays, cameras are sold bundled with waterproof housings, accessories, and mountings compatible with the popular GoPro. The degree camera can take picture or video degrees using two lenses back-to-back and shooting at the same time. With virtual reality mode built-in stitching, Wifi, and Bluetooth, live streaming can be done.

Due to it also being water resistant, the Nico can be used as action camera. There are tend that action cameras have capabilities to shoot degrees with at least 4K resolution. They provide some similar features but, like compacts, they use a fixed lens and a small sensor. Some compact cameras have also PSAM mode. Most use live preview to frame the image. Their usual autofocus is by the same contrast-detect mechanism as compacts, but many bridge cameras have a manual focus mode and some have a separate focus ring for greater control.

Big physical size and small sensor allow superzoom and wide aperture. Bridge cameras generally include an image stabilization system to enable longer handheld exposures, sometimes better than DSLR for low light condition. Panasonic Lumix FZ equivalent, corresponding to an optical zoom factor of roughly 10 to Some bridge cameras have a lens thread to attach accessories such as wide-angle or telephoto converters as well as filters such as UV or Circular Polarizing filter and lens hoods.

The scene is composed by viewing the display or the electronic viewfinder EVF. Most have a slightly longer shutter lag than a DSLR. Many of these cameras can store images in a raw format in addition to supporting JPEG. In bright sun, the quality difference between a good compact camera and a digital SLR is minimal but bridge cameras are more portable, cost less and have a greater zoom ability. Thus a bridge camera may better suit outdoor daytime activities, except when seeking professional-quality photos.

In late , a new type of camera emerged, called a mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera. While a typical DSLR has a mirror that reflects light from the lens up to the optical viewfinder, in a mirrorless camera, there is no optical viewfinder. The image sensor is exposed to light at all times, gives the user a digital preview of the image either on the built-in rear LCD screen or an electronic viewfinder EVF. These are simpler and more compact than DSLRs due to not having a lens reflex system.

Some MILCs have a separate electronic viewfinder to compensate the lack of an optical one. In other cameras, the back display is used as the primary viewfinder in the same way as in compact cameras. One disadvantage of mirrorless cameras compared to a typical DSLR is its battery life due to the energy consumption of the electronic viewfinder , but this can be mitigated by a setting inside the camera in some models.

Olympus and Panasonic released many Micro Four Thirds cameras with interchangeable lenses that are fully compatible with each other without any adapter, while others have proprietary mounts. In , Kodak released its first Micro Four Third system camera. While most digital cameras with interchangeable lenses feature a lens-mount of some kind, there are also a number of modular cameras, where the shutter and sensor are incorporated into the lens module.

There are also a number of add-on camera modules for smartphones , they are called lens-style cameras lens camera or smart lens. They contain all the essential components of a digital camera inside a DSLR lens-shaped module, hence the name, but lack any sort of viewfinder and most controls of a regular camera. Digital single-lens reflex cameras DSLR use a reflex mirror that can reflect the light and also can swivel from one position to another position and back to initial position.

Autofocus is accomplished using sensors in the mirror box. Some DSLRs have a " live view " mode that allows framing using the screen with image from the sensor.

The larger sensor permits more light to be received by each pixel; this, combined with the relatively large lenses provides superior low-light performance. For the same field of view and the same aperture, a larger sensor gives shallower focus. They use interchangeable lenses for versatility. Usually some lenses are made for digital SLR use only, but recent trend the lenses can also be used in detachable lens video camera with or without adapter.

DSCs are like point-and-shoot cameras and is, the most common type of cameras, due to its comfortable price and its quality. The total amount of light is not changed, just some of the light travels one path and some of it travels the other. Because there is no time at which light is not traveling along both paths, DSLT cameras get the benefit of continuous auto-focus tracking.

This is especially beneficial for burst-mode shooting in low-light conditions and also for tracking when taking video. A rangefinder is a device to measure subject distance, with the intent to adjust the focus of a camera's objective lens accordingly open-loop controller.

The rangefinder and lens focusing mechanism may or may not be coupled. In common parlance, the term "rangefinder camera" is interpreted very narrowly to denote manual-focus cameras with a visually-read out optical rangefinder based on parallax. Most digital cameras achieve focus through analysis of the image captured by the objective lens and distance estimation, if it is provided at all, is only a byproduct of the focusing process closed-loop controller.

A line-scan camera traditionally has a single row of pixel sensors, instead of a matrix of them. The lines are continuously fed to a computer that joins them to each other and makes an image. This is most commonly done by connecting the camera output to a frame grabber which resides in a PCI slot of an industrial computer.

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The frame grabber acts to buffer the image and sometimes provide some processing before delivering to the computer software for processing. Multiple rows of sensors may be used to make colored images, or to increase sensitivity by TDI time delay and integration. Many industrial applications require a wide field of view.

Traditionally maintaining consistent light over large 2D areas is quite difficult. This makes possible sharp pictures of objects that pass the camera at high speed. Such cameras are also commonly used to make photo finishes , to determine the winner when multiple competitors cross the finishing line at nearly the same time. They can also be used as industrial instruments for analyzing fast processes. Linescan cameras are also extensively used in imaging from satellites see push broom scanner.

In this case the row of sensors is perpendicular to the direction of satellite motion. Linescan cameras are widely used in scanners.